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As technological advancements lead to an ever-increasing world of routes of administration for new and existing drugs, packaging decisions for such options have become more challenging. There are multiple options for drug delivery container formats, and each should be continuously reviewed with reference to compliance and accuracy of delivery. Packaging is a critical point of concern whenever a new drug product is introduced into the market. When it comes to parenterals, there has been a dramatic increase in these packaging formats over the past 10 years. Apart from typical formats of vial and syringes, dual-chamber devices, cartridges and electronically enabled devices have been introduced, all which demand high levels of packaging accuracy. So how do we ensure the ability of the packages to maintain sterility of the drug? Quality assurance with the proper Container Closure Integrity Test (CCIT) method is critical.

CCI Testing using E-Scan 655 MicroCurrent HVLD

The E-Scan 655 technology utilizes the MicroCurrent conductivity test method to non-destructive evaluate container closure integrity. MicroCurrent technology exposes the package and product to lower voltage than other conductivity based solutions. This unique technology requires no sample preparation and is a non-contact and non-invasive test method. What makes E-Scan 655 technology unique is its ability to test a wide range of liquid-based products including low conductivity sterile water for injection (WFI) and proteinaceous products with suspensions. The system also features a fast test cycle and is simple to operate. Additional benefits include quick product changeover and an easy recipe set up to accommodate a wide range of products and applications. The offline E-Scan 655 method can be migrated from the laboratory to automated 100% inline testing applications at high production speeds.

Testing Procedure

Using a set of electrode probes, E-Scan system tests a non-conductive container that is sealed. The container material can vary from glass, plastic, or poly laminate. The container or package must contain liquid (minimum fill 30%). In case of any defect including pinhole or crack, there will be a resistance differential and change in current flow indicating a breach in the container. The approximate defect location can be identified.

Benefits of MicroCurrent HVLD technology:

• Non-destructive, non-invasive, no sample preparation
• High level of repeatability and accuracy
• Effective across all parenteral products, including extremely low conductivity liquids (WFI)
• Lower voltage exposure produces no ozone, eliminating risk to the product and environment
• Listed in USP Chapter <1207> as recommended method for parenteral liquid package integrity testing
• Robust method and approximate 3x Signal-Noise-Ratio for a wide range of product classes and package formats
• Simplifies the inspection and validation process

The novel coronavirus emerged late December 2019 and spread rapidly globally. It is a notifiable communicable disease of the fifth category and is also known as Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens. The incubation period of coronavirus ranges between 2-14 days and is considered to be highly contagious.

As of now, most of us have either had COVID-19 ourselves or known someone close to us who has had it. Studies show that nearly 80 million U.S. residents have had confirmed COVID-19 infections since March 2019. And many more likely have been infected but without reported tests to confirm. In fact we’re still witnessing variants and mutations of the virus.

One of the smartest and safest measures to know your status and avoid infections is regular testing. With the outbreak of a more contagious Omicron variant of COVID-19, testing remains a critical tool to suppress the spread of the virus. Luckily, COVID-19 tests are getting easier to find. And now, there are different types of home tests that, when used together, paint an accurate picture of your COVID-19 status.

With the rising demand for test kits, ensuring the integrity of testing activities is also critical to fighting the virus. COVID 19 test kits are extremely moisture sensitive as the absorption pad and other critical components are made of filter paper and other absorbent materials. Compromised test cassettes can lead to incorrect results or unusable test kits. False-negative results lead to the further spread of the virus, while false positives can induce fear and unnecessary quarantine.

Common issues in flexible packaging are leaks, poor sealing within the fin seal, cuts in the package, channel leaks, wrinkles, and completely open seals. Low humidity production environments and desiccant packaging materials do not suffice if a leak is present in the package.

PTI has developed a solution for container integrity testing of diagnostic test cassettes in flexible packaging. Utilizing PTI’s VeriPac vacuum decay technology in accordance with ASTM F2338 and USP 1207, leaks in flexible packaging can be detected down to 5 microns. With PTI’s Hand Flex Chamber (HFC), multiple samples can be tested in a single test cycle. The HFC membranes engulf the package to avoid any additional stress to the package seals and remain a non-destructive test method. ?The test cycle is rapid and provides pass/fail results and supporting quantitative result data.

Benefits of Vacuum Decay Technology

• Non-destructive, non-subjective, no sample preparation.
• Deterministic, quantitative test method.
• Repeatable, rapid and reliable testing.
• Cost effective and economical.
• Simplifies the inspection and validation process.
• ASTM test method and FDA standard

Testing the integrity of newly developed packaging is a critical step in ensuring that it serves its requirements in every situation. Packaging needs to ensure that it sustains physical and mechanical stress and keeps the contents fresh until they reach the end user. In order to understand how packaging behaves under different circumstances, flexible packaging testing is quite important. Procedures for testing flexible packs are quite different from rigid packaging. Compared to rigid packaging, flexible packaging can present unique challenges in how to test both the integrity of the package and the seal quality. Some of the solutions offered for flexible package testing by PTI.

Flexible package integrity testing techniques

1. VeriPac Flex System

PTI's VeriPac FLEX systems are versatile non-destructive CCIT methods, designed specifically for pouches and other flexible packaging with dry-filled products. The technology utilizes an ASTM method for vacuum decay leak testing (F2338) listed in ISO 11607 and recognized by the FDA as a consensus standard for package integrity testing. PTI's VeriPac FLEX Systems are available in several configurators that can accommodate various package specifications and test sensitivity requirements. Such configurators for both the leak test instrument and the test chamber capacity enable evaluation of small format sachets and stick packs, up to large bulk size pouches and bags. A unique feature of this technology is that it requires no changeover of settings or tooling and is proven to provide high levels of sensitivity, reliability and practicality in testing a complete range of flexible packaging formats and sizes.

Technology Overview

The test begins by connecting the VeriPac tester to the appropriate FLEX chamber based on the size range of the package. The two VeriPac systems paired with the FLEX chamber provide different leak detection capabilities depending on the application. While the integrated flexible test chamber (IFC) is intended for sachets or stick packs with low headspace, the Drawer Style test chamber (D-Series) is ideal for package formats and bulk products. The unique difference with VeriPac FLEX systems is how the package is tested. PTI utilizes its flexible membrane that conforms to the package shape and size, eliminating any stress and damage to the film materials. Multiple packages can be tested in a single test cycle.

Benefits of VeriPac Flex System

• Non-destructive, non-subjective, no sample preparation.
• Deterministic, quantitative test method.
• Test multiple packages in a single test cycle.
• Cost effective with rapid return on investment.
• Supports sustainable packaging and zero waste initiatives.
• Simplifies the inspection and validation process.
• Accurate and repeatable results.
• ASTM test method and FDA standard.
• USP < 1207> compliant

2. Airborne Ultrasound Technology

PTI's Airborne Ultrasound technology is a non-destructive and non-invasive seal quality inspection method. The test is conducted by allowing ultrasound waves to pass through the package seal causing the reflection of sound waves. To identify the defects, variations in the reflected signals’ strength are analyzed. PTI offers two configurations of Airborne Ultrasound testing technology; Seal-Scan® and Seal-Sensor.

Seal-Sensor™ is a deterministic, quantitative method that inspects the final pouch seal non-destructively 100% online. Seal-Sensor detects incomplete seals, partial or weak areas in seals, and many common defects in seals that appear visually acceptable yet possess defects that affect product quality, value and shelf-life.

Seal-Scan® is an Airborne Ultrasonic Technology (ABUS) that inspects and analyzes pouch seals non-destructively offline for in-depth seal quality evaluation and analysis. Seal-Scan® is a semi-automatic inspection system with x-y drive, used for the detection of seal defects, seal characterization and material analysis.

Advantages of PTI’s Seal Scan and Seal Sensor Method:

• Deterministic seal quality inspection method that produces quantitative results.
• This method works for any material type and combinations regardless of color, transparency, print, surface finish or porosity.
• Non-destructive and non-subjective test method that requires no sample preparation.
• Technology can be integrated for 100% online defect detection of the final pouch seal.
• Repeatable, reproducible and reliable results for seal quality inspection.
• Cost-effective solution for seal integrity testing and seal analysis that characterizes overall quality and uniformity of the seal.

Most powder dairy products (milk powders, infant formula, protein-based powders, etc.) require process monitoring, production control and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to retain their quality throughout its shelf-life or until it reaches the end-user. However, products that use MAP often have high risks of deficiencies in package quality control. Most MAP applications use Nitrogen flushing, and testing package quality involves sampling package gas content days after the product has been packaged. The protein based content of many products will allow bacteria to consume the majority of the O2 content before the increase in O2 is detected by gas testing equipment. Leaks as small as 10-20 microns will only increase the oxygen content to levels below 3%, the typical pass/fail threshold, passing defective product. Although packaging integrity testing can be conducted using traditional methods like water bath, they are only sensitive to 25-micron leaks at best. Therefore, dairy product manufacturers should use testing methods that offer highly sensitive leak testing along with the highest level of quality assurance.

Package Testing using VeriPac Test System

Vacuum Decay has been verified as the most practical and sensitive vacuum based leak test method. It is capable of creating reliable and accurate quantitative results and a pass or fail determination. The standard Vacuum Decay leak test method (ASTM F2338), developed using PTI's VeriPac instruments, is recognized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a consensus standard for container closure integrity (CCI) testing. The test method is listed in ISO 11607 and referenced in the United States Pharmacopeia Chapter on CCI (USP Chapter 1207). VeriPac series are a practical alternative to destructive testing methods that provide subjective test results and variable test standards.

PTI brings a tradition of excellence and performance reliability to our line of VeriPac non-destructive package testing equipment. PTI's VeriPac Series has the capability to non-destructively test packages at the production line with high levels of accuracy and sensitivity. Non-destructive testing not only reduces wastage, but it also allows operators to have a greater understanding of package quality. Moreover, it can accommodate multiple package formats and requires non changeover when testing different size packages.

Technology Overview

Under this technique, the VeriPac leak tester is connected to a test chamber that contains sample packages. Vacuum is applied to these packages and a dual transducer technology is used to monitor the test chamber for both the level of vacuum as well as the change in vacuum over a predetermined test time. The changes in absolute and differential vacuum indicate the presence of leaks and defects within the package. The test cycle takes only a few seconds, results are non-subjective, and testing is non-destructive to both product and package.

VeriPac Inspection system:

• Non-destructive, non-subjective, no sample preparation.
• Deterministic, quantitative test method.
• Defect detection down to 0.2 ccm.
• High level of sensitivity, repeatability and accuracy.
• Short cycle time provides operator with PASS/FAIL result.
• Small footprint and modular portable design.
• ASTM test method and FDA standard.
• Referenced in USP 1207 guidance.